This study looks at common peroneal nerve decompression and whether it results in improvement in nerve function. A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients who had peroneal nerve decompressions by a single surgeon over a six year period. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively for motor and sensory function of the peroneal nerve as well as pain. A total of 48 patients (20 female, 28 male) underwent 51 peroneal nerve decompressions. The mean age at the time of surgery was 40.8 years (range 34 months to 79 years). The average time from onset of nerve dysfunction to surgery was 15.6 months (range 1 month to 98 months). Postoperatively, 40 of 47 people who had preoperative motor weakness had improvement in motor function (p<0.01). Likewise, 23 of 47 people (p<0.01) who had preoperative sensory disturbances and 26 of 31 people (p<0.01) who had pain preoperatively improved after surgical decompression of the common peroneal nerve. In conclusion, common peroneal nerve decompression is a valid procedure to improve sensation and strength as well as decrease pain.