Introduction. Throughout literature is proven that adequate debridement is the keypoint before even thinking of flap coverage. Subsequently, the muscle flap is the most frequently used free tissue transfer to over the defect when bone is exposed. Moreover, even after thorough debridement of a chronic infected wound, the muscle flap continues to be advocated for coverage. Material and methods. In this presentation, a clinical series of 34 patients with bone exposure in the lower leg and covered with non-muscle flaps, is reviewed and matched to recent literature on this subject. The series include bone exposure after soft tissue defects (6+5db+6fc), open fractures (5) hardware exposure (6) and osteomyelitis (6db). The flaps used were the pedicled anteromedial adipososfascial flap(18), the radial forearm flap (6), the serratus anterior fascia (2), and the fasciocutaneous temporal flap (8). In the pedicled flap group, we excluded all defects larger than 40cm2, and all patients with peripheral vascular disease, the main contraindications for pedicled flaps. Results. There was 1 postoperative death due to a myocardial infarction. Other medical complications (15 %) included pulmonary infections, prolonged angina, renal failure. They were all noted in the patients with diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. As surgical complications we had one flap loss (1 anteromedial) due to a technical failure. Two surgical re-explorations had to be performed, one for thrombosis of the vein, and one for drainage of a haematoma. We encountered 3 delayed wound healings which needed further debridement but no second flap coverage. In one patient a below knee amputation had to be performed despite a patent bypass, to control the infection. Conclusion. In selected cases of bone exposure, the final outcome after fascial coverage is comparable with muscle coverage. In this era of reconstructive surgery where donor-site morbidity has become a major issue, other flaps can be used than the “standard” muscle flaps. Several studies have proven that, in clinical settings, the actual type of free flap used for coverage is less critical in determining the final outcome of the procedure, provided that the flap is well vascularized, and that the basics of debridement as well as obliteration of dead space are respected.