Nakamura T, Takayama S, Nakao Y, and Ikegami H. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
From 2000, we treated 16 wrists of traumatic avulsion of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) from the ulnar fovea by open repair technique with an at least 1 year follow-up. There were 9 right and 7 left and average age was 27.6 year (range 16-65). Posteroanterior radiographs indicated neutral ulnar variance in 11 wrists and positive in 5 wrists. At least 3 months of conservative treatment was performed, then the operation was done after 4 to 22 months to the initial injury. Arthrogram and/or MRI could reveal avulsion of the TFCC from the fovea of the ulna in 16 wrists. All cases complained ulnar sided wrist motion pain and severe distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability. Slack (severe translation of the ulna during pronosupination) was indicated in 13 wrists, however there was no limit of pronosupination range. Arthroscopy could not demonstrate avulsion of the TFCC from the ulnar fovea directly, but trampoline effect was noted in all wrists. Double pullout suturing of the ulnar ligamentous insertion of the TFCC could be done in the neutral variance wrist with 3-0 sutures, through two tunnels from the center of the fovea to the ulnar cortex of the ulna made by 1.2 mm K-wire. In the positive variance wrists, ulnar shortening procedure resolving abutment was firstly performed, then double pull-out suturing was done. Two weeks upper arm cast was occurred, followed by three weeks of lower arm cast. At the final follow-up, 15 wrists indicated no pain and slight pain remained in 1 wrist. Re-stabilization of the DRUJ was noted in 11 wrists, however there remained slight DRUJ instability in 4 wrists. Severe DRUJ instability remained in 1 wrist. We obtained 11 excellent, 4 good and 1 fair results. We conclude that open repair of the TFCC was useful operation for the foveal avulsion.