Christy M, Chun J, and Silver L. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 5 east 98th street, 15th floor, New York, NY, USA
Cutaneous Mucormycosis is a fungal disease caused by invasion through epidermis to the dermis and subcutaneous tissues by organisms of the class Zygomycetes. The majority of reported cases of Mucormycosis have been separated into rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, CNS and miscellaneous visceral disseminated disease. Cutaneous manifestation of mucormycosis is a relatively rare event. We have observed this infection in a small series of patients in a tertiary care facility where the hand and wrist served as the points of entry. The site of entry is usually an area of minor trauma to epidermis secondary to an intravenous needle or surgical tape. In all cases, the patient was immunosuppressed. One patient had HIV infection, the second had undergone a kidney transplant and was receiving immunosuppressive medication, and the third patient had a history of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Myelodysplastic Syndrome necessitating long-term therapy with steroids. In all cases the hand and wrist were the initial sites of disease presentation, and the affected area was either an IV site or an area of skin exposed to surgical tape. The initial presentation consisted of a small area of eschar that slowly enlarged accompanied by surrounding peripheral edema and erythema. In all three cases this eschar was biopsied initially with pathological evaluation leading to diagnosis of a fungal infection with Mucormycosis. After the initial biopsy the infected areas were all treated with wide surgical debridement down to investing fascia and permanent pathological specimens were sent. The resultant skin and soft tissue defect in all three cases was reconstructed immediately with with a split-thickness-skin graft. Intravenous Amphotericin B (1mg/kg/day) was also started when initial biopsy results showed Mucormycosis. Treatment with this antifungal was in most cases continued for at least 4 to 6 weeks. Obtaining positive margins containing Mucormycosis did not alter therapy. Debridement surved as a debulking procedure with immediate split-thickness skin graft reconstruction. We observed no local recurrence of disease, however two of the patients succumbed to intercurrent bacterial infections resulting in sepsis and death prior to completion of the full course of Amphotericin. In our experience, patients presenting with this cutaneous manifestation of mucormycosis are severely debilitated and immunosuppressed. Treatment should consist of prompt, wide surgical debridement, reconstruction using a skin graft and concommitant intravenous therapy with Amphotericin B.