Khalil AJ, Balakrishnan C, and Dodikin-Scaff N. Plastic Surgery, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI, USA
Severe crush injuries of the lower extremities are often associated with poor function, chronic pain and even loss of extremity. Although certain criteria can be used to determine the salvagibility of the lower extremity following severe crush injuries, the decision either to amputate or salvage is not easy. The aim of this study was to determine the results of salvaged lower extremities using free flaps. The flaps used, technical problems, hospital stay, number of operative procedure, bone infection, non-union, need for bone grafting, length to bone union and late amputation were assessed.
Over a five-year period, fifteen crush injuries of lower extremities with soft tissue and bone loss were treated. The age of these patients ranged between eighteen and sixty-two. These patients had good vascularity of the extremity with good sensation of the sole of foot. These patients underwent repeated washout and bony fixation prior to flap closure. All patients were investigated with an angiogram and muscle flaps were carried out at an average of nine days from injury (range 3 to 16 days).
Rectus abdominis and latissimus dorsi flaps were used to cover the defect. Skin grafting was delayed in six patients, five for two days and one by four days. Inflow problems were present in three patients due to the zone of injury requiring intra-operative revision of the anastomosis. All patients received the similar post-operative care and were transferred to the rehabilitation institute or home with outpatient rehabilitation.
Three patients underwent amputation of the extremity at the end of first week due to problems with infection and vascularity of the tibia. All other patients obtained soft tissue coverage by about the sixth week of injury. Bony fixation was by either intramedullary nail or by Ilizarao external fixator. A small external fixator or an extension to their frame corrected foot drop.
Although it is a challenge, all patients were happy to have their lower extremity salvaged. The function improved over time with no late amputations.