The 2003 Annual Meeting of OASYS_NEW

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The Gracilis Fasciocutaneous Perforator Flap. a Clinico-Anatomical Study

Lykoudis E, C V, and D K. Dept. of Plastic Surgery, Hygeia Hospital Athens, Greece

Introduction: It is well documented in the literature that only the proximal third of the skin overlying the gracilis muscle is reliable, when harvested with the muscle us a musculocutaneous flap. This is attributed to the constant presence of musculocutaneous perforators, branches of the vascular pedicle of the gracilis muscle, which nourish the overlying fascia and skin. In this study, the possibility of raising a fasciocutaneous flap based on these perforators was investigated. Materials and methods: The study was performed on a clinical and an anatomical basis. The clinical part comprised two groups (A, B). In group A, both legs of 30 patients were examined by Doppler ultrasound for the presence and location of a sizable perforating vessel. Group B consisted of 12 patients, who underwent unilateral gracilis muscle harvesting for various reasons. During muscle harvesting the presence of sizable perforating vessels was recorded. The anatomical part comprised one group (C) of 15 cadavers. In this group the presence of a sizable perforating vessel was also recorded. Results: In group A, Doppler examination located bilaterally a sizable perforator, at a distance 5-8 cm from the origin of the gracilis muscle, in 29 of the 30 cases. In group B, operative dissection revealed the existence of a musculocutaneous perforator of adequate diameter in 11 of the 12 patients, who underwent gracilis muscle harvesting. Regarding the anatomical study (group C), a significant perforating musculocutaneous vessel on both muscles was recorded bilaterally in 14 of the 15 cadavers dissected. The perforators were located at a mean distance of 6.2 cm from the origin of the muscle. The perforators were then dissected through the muscle to their origin from the vascular pedicle of the gracilis. Conclusion: According to our findings, in more than 95% of limbs exists a sizable musculocutaneous perforator, coming through the muscle, proximal to the main vascular pedicle, to the skin and fascia overlying the proximal third of the gracilis muscle, making feasible the raise of a fasciocutaneous perforator flap.