Moore JB, Freeland AE, and Sud V. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, USA
Patients with chronic wrist pain have long been a challenging therapeutic problem for hand surgeons. The wrist pain, which is due to varying etiologies, has been treated with medication, therapy, and denervation procedures. Wilhelm popularized wrist denervation in Europe, but it was not popularized in the United States until recently. In 1995, Richard Berger began partial denervation of the wrist by dividing the anterior and posterior interosseous nerves just proximal to the wrist. We have used this technique on several patients with excellent results. A small number of patients; however, still had residual radial or ulnar sided wrist pain and needed division of the articular branches of the Superficial Branch of the Radial nerve (SBRN) and the Dorsal Sensory Branch of the Ulnar nerve (DSBU). The purpose of this study is to better clarify the courses of the DSBU and the SBRN at the wrist. A number of authors have intensively studied the courses of the anterior and posterior interosseous nerves at the wrist for the purpose of denervation of the wrist. The branching patterns and innervation of the wrist joint from the ulnar and radial sides has also been described; however these studies were not directed primarily at denervation. Eighteen cadaver wrists were investigated utilizing loupe and microscopic dissection. The findings indicate that while variability does exist, both the DSBU and SBRN have consistent patterns. These patterns can aid the surgeon in finding the carpal branches to denervate both the radial and ulnar sides of the wrist by neurotomy. Our studies indicated that in all specimens the branches on both the radial and ulnar sides of the wrist closely follow the superficial venous network. The DSBU had 2 main branches, a volar and a dorsal branch, in 17 out of 18 (94%) specimens. 94% of the wrists had a branch to the wrist joint and/or capsule from the volar branch, while only 50% of the dorsal branches supplied the capsule only. The SBRN had 3 main branches: volar, intermediate, and dorsal in 17 out of 18 (94%) specimens. The majority of wrist branches originated from the volar branches while 50% of the dorsal branches contributed a dorsal capsular branch. In conclusion, our study will aid the surgeon in finding branches of the DSBU and SBRN to perform selective neurotomy of pain fibers to the wrist joint.